During my first degree over a decade ago, I wrote a paper for a Youth Ministry module basically discussing whether or not a Christian should read Harry Potter. It didn’t score massively highly (mostly due to my poor proofreading skills!), but it was still an eye-opening experience. I believed then that the debate was mostly settled by the plethora of literature released at the time; however, the question of the holiness of a believer who chooses to read Harry Potter, along with the soundness of their faith is still a solid part of modern Christian dialogue.
The ‘HP debate’ has followed my ministry ever since that first paper. Sometimes a young person has raised the question, and other times it has been a parent. Recently someone threatened to pull support from my ministry because they had heard (wrongly) that I had run a Harry Potter-themed event.
Although usually I deflect answering the question towards more Gospel-related themes, I’m going to go all in here as a once only treat. Enjoy.
At the extremes, one side of the debate sees the Harry Potter series as a black-and-white glorification of witchcraft, written deliberately to ensnare vulnerable young people into evil habits, thus demonically drawing them away from God; whereas the other far side sees it as harmless fun, without any ramifications for personal faith or holiness at any level at all. There is, however, a whole world of carefully considered nuance within these extremes, littered with intelligent thinkers across the spectrum. A little dialogue goes a long way after all, and reason should be given its day.
Setting the scene
There are some genuinely important questions to ask yourself as a Christian when engaging with any kind of popular media, so I don’t want to be black-and-white about this. I, for instance, personally have decided not to watch anything with nudity or sex scenes in it. I know that such scenes are simply not healthy for me in my personal faith journey, and I also know these scenes don’t serve my relationship with my wife. This means that I have never seen an episode of Game of Thrones for instance. That’s my choice informed by the current shape of my journey. I do, however, read Harry Potter, and have done so for many years.
So, rather than writing yet another ‘here’s why it’s all OK’ article, I wanted to engage with the question with a little bit more critical thinking. I strongly believe that to argue for anything, you should know at least some of the best arguments against your own position. Respecting different perspectives is essential for teachability, and teachability is essential for growth, and growth is essential for not being an ill-informed gasbag. An honourable goal that I’m trying to aspire to!
With that in mind, here are what I think are the best reasons – albeit briefly summarised – for not reading Harry Potter. I will follow this list with my responses to the reasons, and in doing so I hope to give a well-reasoned argument for. The hope here is to show that both sides have merit, and explain why I personally came down on my side. It’ll be your choice to decide at the end which you find more convincing, and more helpful for your own journey.
So, sleeves rolled up. Lumos spell cast (let the HP reader understand). Let’s do it!
The best reasons against reading Harry Potter.
Reason 1. (Content)
The Harry Potter world removes all distinctions between dark sorcery and light magic, rendering the reader passive (at best) towards the twisted nature of engaging with the pagan rites and occult rituals that are subversively written into the books. It explicitly nuances the spectrum, making out some witchcraft to be virtuous, when in fact, all witchcraft is evil. Put another way, it glorifies something that the Bible forbids (Deut. 18:10-12).
Reason 2. (Content)
Harry Potter passively promotes pagan and neopagan religions such as Wicca and dulls our critical senses which we would have otherwise used to steer clear of them. It effectively makes the gap smaller between our faith context and idolatrous faith contexts. Further, there are many deplorable instants in the midst of this, including the attempted murder of a baby, and reanimation of corpses. It’s simply too dark and too caviler with paganism.
Reason 3. (Author intent)
The research that went into writing Harry Potter included looking at real spells and spell-casters from historic pagan religions. The resulting Latin-derived phrases used in the books, piggy-backed on real spell craft language, some of which are quite unsettling. The unforgivable killing curse, ‘Avada Kedavra’ for instance, means ‘let the thing be destroyed’ in Aramaic. This can be interpreted as ‘may the thing lose its essence/soul.’
Reason 4. (Author intent)
There is no under-girding biblical worldview in Harry Potter that would make the magic presented fit in a healthy context, such as exists in C.S. Lewis’ Chronicles of Narnia.
Reason 5. (Sanctification)
Harry Potter doesn’t add anything edifying to a faith journey of grace, and as such won’t be something we will engage with in eternity (i.e. we won’t read Harry Potter in Heaven, so why focus on it now?). There is nothing redeemable in it for the Christian to dwell on in a way that would make them grow (Phil. 4:8).
Reason 6. (Sanctification)
Any possible virtue found in Harry Potter is tainted by the overwhelming presence of forbidden actions (see Reason 1). Therefore, a Christian’s limited time on the Earth would be better spent reading something else more fulfilling – like the Bible.
My responses
Reason 1.
This will take the longest response and will form the basis for the others. So bear with me!
Response part a:
This dramatically misunderstands the biblical passages cited and is guilty of making light of the true nature of ‘forbidden sorcery’ as presented in the Bible. In doing so, this reason actually does exactly what it pushes against: it dulls and nuances our understanding and awareness of evil. Let’s look at the passages (focusing mainly on Deut. 18):
Deut. 18:10-12
Properly understood, what is listed here is ritual child sacrifice, being superstitious over the calendar, performing sleight-of-hand illusions (literally ‘juggling’), using rituals to predict the future (or pretending to, cf. Mic. 3:11), enchanting snakes, talking to the devil and trying to hurt people as a result, and talking to the dead.
Some of these things are about trying to communicate with the dead, to serpents (symbol for evil), to demons, or the devil. Obviously – don’t do that! Some of these things, however, are about the deception of people, usually done to make money. You probably shouldn’t do that either! Neither practice, however, is glorified or encouraged at any point in the Harry Potter books. There is a very clear line between good and evil in Harry Potter, and a broad exposition of good character.
There are two possible exceptions. First, ‘parseltongue’ (talking to snakes). However, the version of parseltongue in Harry Potter is about literal language; so talking to natural snakes, and not reaching out to evil as the snake symbolised in Deuteronomy. Second, using the ‘resurrection stone’ or ‘priori incantatem’ to see ghostly reflections of deceased people. Neither of these, however, are trying to harness the power of dead people to serve the living, neither are they used in ritual worship as would be the context of the passage (which we will now turn to).
You can’t talk about practices in isolation without understanding the wider plot. Interpreting omens, for instance, can be prophecy (Num. 22), Abraham almost sacrificed Isaac in fire by God’s command in Gen. 22, and of course God sacrificed His own Son! As in all things, therefore, the context is key:
This list comes from the rituals well-known among the nations (mostly Canaan/the Philistines) and they sat in a context of idolatrous worship. They represent common religious practices and were used by several historic religions. The ritual sacrifice in fire, for instance, came with Moloch worship (Lev. 20:2). In light of this, the overwhelming concern of Deut. 12-18 is the right worship of God, without allowing idolatrous worship of other ‘gods’ to creep in.
This is not a random cracking of the whip, or a black and white kick against anything that resembles our modern interpretation of words like ‘witchcraft’, but a wholehearted rejection of worshipping any god but the true God. Harry Potter and Deuteronomy are simply not talking about the same things. This is seen further in the other commonly cited ‘anti-sorcery’ passages below.
2 Chon. 33:6
Using the understanding gained above, we can know that the problem Judah’s King Manassah had was engaging in the idolatrous practices of false worship. He had blended (at best) and abandoned (at worse) the worship of the God of Israel with worshipping false gods. The restoration of Manassah was to know God (vv.11-13) and worship Him alone (vv.15-17).
Mal. 3:5
Sorcery here appears in a list of things condemned by the Law and practiced when one does not properly worship God. Again, the issue is being out of relationship with God, and as such adopting the practices of false religion. This comes down to ritualistic and superstitious communication with evil or the dead and is seated in a practice of false religion and idolatry.
Gal. 5:19-21
Paul gives us a list of actions that would flow out of someone who is not filled with the Spirit, contrasted against those that flow out of someone who is filled with the Spirit (vv.22-24). ‘Idolatry and witchcraft’ are a pairing – two sides of the same coin – as we saw in the Old Testament passages.
Rev. 18:23 (cf. 21:8; 22:15)
The guilty party here is the archetypical idolatrous nation of Babylon (probably Rome), which – among other things – tricks people out of worshipping God using a ‘magic spell’. This is linked with to the dishonest merchants, so might be making money from dark magic (as was widely practiced in Rome), however more likely simply means ‘deception’.
Summary
The fallacy of Reason 1. is to assume the modern versions of words like witchcraft mean the same thing in the scriptures – then to interpret those verses in isolation from the original context. This is poor practice and gives poor results.
These verses together paint a picture of the worship of false gods through ritualistic practices which can include talking to evil, the dead, or the devil. The practices themselves were not the problem; but were symptoms of false worship of false gods. This doesn’t condone the practices, however rather than looking at ‘magic’ in vacuum, we need to see the worldview and religion behind it.
It would be better to move away from the simplistic application, ‘don’t have anything to do with anything that looks remotely like magic’ (which would probably render a lot of my best object lessons inert!). Instead we should reach for the whole text and say ‘worship God fully and wholeheartedly in the ways He has instructed’, or even ‘don’t mix your worship of Him with how the world worships things that are not Him.’
Thinking more simply about it, is the issue in Harry Potter that things that look like spells, and omens, and predicting the future using rituals? Or is the issue that Harry Potter encourages us to wholeheartedly accept a false religion, rejecting true worship, while offering us ritualistic and blasphemous worship? I think it’s the former, which is simply not the problem the Bible is responding to.
Response part b.
The reading of something is not exactly the same as the practicing of something.
Even if we grant fully the premise that any possible kind of practice which resembles any kind of magic is a problem biblically, then are we also saying that reading about it is the very same as practicing it?
What is forbidden in the Bible is engaging in the ritualistic practice of false religion. If simply reading about this is the same as engaging with it, then there are a lot more books we should reject including some of our ‘Christian favourites’ such as the Chronicles of Narnia, or the Lord of the Rings.
I’ll admit there is a possibly slippery-slope argument here, but nuance is a powerful tool and is generally preferred (in my opinion) to a wholesale black-and-white rejection without discussion or accountability.
Reason 2
Response.
Much of my response to Reason 1 should answer this question. The worldview of Harry Potter does not condone ritualistic worship or false religion; that is not its point or its worldview, and you would have to read it very particularly to conjure that up (pun intended). Even when the author has borrowed from pagan rituals, they are at best a slightly random collection of heavily interpreted ideas, mashed together and deviated from significantly. Wicca practitioners themselves have rejected the themes of the book as based in their own practices. J. K. Rowling once tweeted:
‘To everyone asking whether their religion/belief/non-belief system is represented at Hogwarts: the only people I never imagined there are wiccans … it’s a different concept of magic to the one laid out in the books, so I don’t really see how they can co-exist.’
There are certainly some very dark moments in the series of books. I would strongly suggest reading Harry Potter with your children, rather than leaving them to it on their own, and having conversations about some of the scarier bits. I would also strongly suggest the same with C. S. Lewis’ work, and of course with J. R. R. Tolkien which I believe can be significantly darker. In fact, many of the texts used in high school today present troubling dark or sinful behaviour too – such as J. D. Salinger’s Catcher in the Rye, or Shakespeare’s Macbeth.
As with all things when discipling or parenting children, we need to be careful, compassionate and consistent. There is no more darkness in Harry Potter than in many other books that we don’t outright reject the same way. Our job is to equip our children – so let’s be with them in it.
Reason 3
Response
Considering the research and motivation is important behind any work of literature. Establishing the views of the author and seeing where they subversively include them in the prose should be taken seriously. That said, the intent behind a thing is not always the same as the thing itself.
J. K. Rowling did research alchemy, religious history, wicca spell-craft, and many other areas we might find unsavoury. She looked a into herbal remedies of medieval history, into Shaman culture of African nations, and into the witch trials of various places. This was all part of her research. However, this research has been fully documented and explained in several places, including an exhibition at the British Library. It did not include the actual practice of such things.
I too have studied somewhat unsavoury culture in my research of the Old Testament. My wife, a fiction writer, often has to research various areas to create fuller character, scenes, and plots. The Inklings (most famously Lewis, Tolkien and C. Williams) researched and studied much of the exact same materials Rowling did when together, and they were primarily a Christian group. This research led to the invention of the Necromancer in Tolkien, for instance, and the witch Jadis in Lewis. In fact, Lewis was heavily influenced by liberal Christian George MacDonald, who had huge swaths of sorcery, mythology, and magic throughout his fantasy writings. Rowling herself was strongly influenced by the Inklings, and you can see echos of their work throughout her own. David Kopel in ‘Deconstructing Rowling’ gives several accounts of this, such as,
‘In the climax of Chamber of Secrets, Harry descends to a deep underworld, is confronted by two satanic minions (Voldemort and a giant serpent), is saved from certain death by his faith in Dumbledore (the bearded God the Father/Ancient of Days), rescues the virgin (Virginia Weasley), and ascends in triumph. It’s Pilgrim’s Progress for a new audience.’
The research of a topic does not equal the practice of what is researched. Assuming a subversive plot to encourage children into actual witchcraft is just not what is going on. Rowling herself quoted in a CNN interview:
‘I absolutely did not start writing these books to encourage any child into witchcraft. I’m laughing slightly because to me, the idea is absurd. I have met thousands of children and not even one time has a child come up to me and said, “Ms Rowling, I’m so glad I’ve read these books because now I want to be a witch.”’
Reason 4
Response
(Warning: Spoilers)
The meta-narrative of the Harry Potter books gives a clear division between good and evil. The evil side tries to rob virtue from all that is good, it tries to control the masses through deception and fear, and it tries to cheat death and ultimately find immortality. The good side, however, is driven by family, servant-hearted sacrifice, teamwork, friendship, and most importantly love.
Love in Harry Potter is presented as the most powerful force in the universe; that which evil underestimates and frankly does not at all understand. Harry Potter is in many ways a modern commentary on the philosophy of love. This love was ultimately shown in self-sacrifice. First, Harry’s mum sacrifices herself for the sake of her son, and then eventually, Harry sacrifices himself for the good of the whole world. His sacrifice is interesting; not only is it very clearly motivated by selfless love for others, but it also ends in resurrection.
The resurrection of Harry provides a powerful protection of love (the same his mother gave to him) over all he had died for. As a result, the evil antagonist can no longer hurt people and is then easily defeated.
This is, quite simply, the clearest fictional presentation of the Gospel in metaphoric form that I have ever seen.
Added to this are a huge array of moral dilemmas resolved healthily with virtue winning out. There is no underage sex, nor are there unhealthy relationships with narcotics or alcohol. Even lying is shown to have serious consequences. It is, in sum, a virtuous exploration of adolescent development, full of emotionally developing relationships and healthily resolved conflicts. Finally, there is a wide range of issues explored that are common to the teenage experience. These include losing parents, death, separation, mental health, bad dreams, exam pressure and the like. Harry Potter actually contains a rich tapestry of discussion topics, almost all of which would be resolved in ways fully compatible with the biblical narrative.
J. K. Rowling calls herself a practicing Christian, and attends church. The explicit amount of Christian theology throughout the book is evidence of a real knowledge of the Gospel. In an interview response to the question, ‘are you a Christian?’ Rowling said,
‘Yes, I am, which seems to offend the religious right far worse than if I said I thought there was no God. Every time I’ve been asked if I believe in God, I’ve said yes, because I do, but no one ever really has gone any more deeply into it than that, and I have to say that does suit me, because if I talk too freely about that I think the intelligent reader, whether 10 or 60, will be able to guess what’s coming in the books.’
Considering the strong Christian themes, the Christian moralistic worldview, and the response Rowling gives of her own faith – we would have to assume that the simple presence of witchcraft alone in the Harry Potter series is enough to reject her worldview as unbiblical. Using that same measure though, we would also have to reject many other fabulous books that also claim an explicit Christian basis.
Reasons 5 and 6
I believe these are responded to above, but on a more personal note, I have found much in the Harry Potter series that has encouraged, edified, and supported my faith. The artistic celebration of self-sacrificing love over evil, the power of resurrection, and the need for a humble saviour demonstrated in the books have often caused me to turn in worship.
I have also found many of the relationships and themes of the book to be useful in my ministry as examples and talking points, and as such have been invaluable as a missionary tool among young people.
In conclusion
Each and every Christian needs to realistically decide for themselves whether or not reading, watching, or listening to any kind of popular media will serve or hinder their relationship with God. I believe Harry Potter falls into this category.
Here’s a few summary points:
- I am not convinced that the mere presence of magic in Harry Potter is enough to condemn it scripturally.
- I am not convinced that a lack of distinction between good and evil, or light and dark magic exists in the series.
- I am not convinced that the assumed ‘glorification’ of some magic as good, encourages people into the sorcery that is explicitly condemned by the Bible; or even that they are even talking about the same thing.
- I am not convinced that the research inherent in writing good fantasy fiction is the same as practicing the things researched.
- I am, however, convinced that Harry Potter should be read carefully.
- I am convinced that some of the darkness in Harry Potter is sometimes taken too far.
- I am convinced that for some (especially younger children) it should not be read alone.
- I am convinced of the clear presentation of the Gospel metaphor throughout the wider story, and the constant reminder of the power of love, courage, and friendship.
